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TCP/IP Network layer protocols
The main network layer protocol is Internet Protocol (IP). This defines addressing and classes of networks. The other protocol is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The ping utility uses this protocol. This layer is also known as Internet layer.
TCP/IP Transport layer protocols
There are two most important Transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. Both protocols use FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) to transmit the messages to desired computers. TCP (transmission control protocol) is connection oriented protocol as it tries to keep on sending data unless it gets back the corresponding acknowledgement. Whereas, the UDP (user datagram protocol) is connectionless protocol as it does not need an acknowledgement. It assumes that the network used by you is very reliable.
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