Address Classes:

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Address Classes:

We can not use all the addresses these address ranges. Of these, four types of addresses can not be distributed on those systems which are connected to the internet directly. These are as under:

• First address of any network class of IPv4, like 1.0.0.0 or 192.0.0.0 etc, has been reserved for network address
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• Last address of any network class of IPv4, like 191.255.255.255 or 223.255.255.255 etc, has been reserved for broadcast address
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• Address 127.0.0.1 has been reserved as loop back address
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• Some address groups of IPv4 have been reserved as private addresses. These are useful for those private LANs which are connected to internet through firewall only. For each class these groups are :
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Class A : 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254

Class B : 172.168.0.1 to 172.168.255.254

Class C : 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.254

Address classes:

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Address classes:

IPv4 addresses are in range from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. These addresses are divided in five different classes. These are class A, class B, class C, class D, and class E. Of these, we only can assign addresses from first three classes i.e. class A, class B, and class C. These classes are divided on the basis of value of the first octet. These ranges are as follows:

Class A : 1 126

Class B : 128 191

Class C : 192 223

Class D : 224 239

Class E : 240 255

In this way the address ranges for all the classes will be as follows:

Class A: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 (Total networks = 126 and hosts/network = 256³ -2)

Class B: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 (Total networks = 64x256 and hosts/network = 256² -2)

Class C: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 (Total networks = 32x256x256 and hosts/network = 256 -2)

Class D: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

Class E: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255