Netmask & IP version 6

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Network mask or Netmask

Netmask helps us finding that any particular IP is in the same LAN or not. It also helps us in separating the network part and host part from an IP address. When we see the network address and netmask together, we can tell the address range that can be assigned to computers.

IP version 6

Because 4 billion addresses of IPv4 are not sufficient for today’s internet, therefore IPv6 is being used. IPv6 has 128 bits, and hence we can get around 3.4x1042 different addresses. Also, to make the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 easy, each and every IPv4 has been assigned a unique IPv6 address. Hence, we have around 3.4x1038 remaining addresses for all other usages.

Subnet

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Subnet

When we choose any network address and network mask, we generally choose a subnet of any IP address group. For example, if our network address is 12.0.0.0 and netmask is 255.255.255.0, then the possible address range will be 12.0.0.0 to 12.0.0.255 in which there will be 256 different addresses. These addresses form a subnetwork, which are called subnets also. But we will have to remember that its first address 12.0.0.0 will be reserved like network address and we can not use this address. Also 12.0.0.255 will be reserved like broadcast address and we can not use this also. In this way the useful number of addresses will be 254 only.