File system of any operating system used to be the structure, in which all the information on our system is stored. The file system is organized in hierarchy of directories, which may contain files or the subdirectories as well. These file system types determine how the information can be stored as files or as directory. In Linux there are following types file system, which we generally use: ext3, swap, LVM and RAID.
Linux file system structure:
Red Hat Linux organizes file into directories. The standard directories are as follows:
/ This is top level root directory. The remaining directories are kept below this root ( / ) directory, i.e. these are subdirectories of root directory.
Note: / is different from root. Both are pronounced as root, but former is directory while later is a user with administrative privileges.
/root: This is the home directory for root user (administrator).
/home: This directory is place for keeping all the user’s home directories except root user.
/dev: This directory will list all available device drivers.
/mnt: It contains the mount points of removable media, like /mnt/cdrecorder
/etc: It contains the basic Linux configuration files related to passwords, Xwindow and daemons etc.
/boot: It store the file and commands to boot Linux on our system.
/bin: It has all the basic command line utilities.
/lib: It lists program libraries, which may be needed by different applications or Linux kernel.
/proc: It includes the kernel related processes which are running currently.
/initrd: It configures one empty directory which is used by Initial RAM disk during boot. We should not delete this directory; else we will not be able to boot the Linux system.
/sbin: It contains commands for system administration.
/var: It contains log file and print spools etc.
/usr: It contains programs and data which is available to all the users.
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