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File system of any operating system used to be the structure, in which all the information on our system is stored. The file system is organized in hierarchy of directories, which may contain files or the subdirectories as well. A file system can be of different format which is called file system type. These file system types determine how the information can be stored as files or as directory. In Linux there are following types file system, which we generally use: ext3, swap, LVM and RAID.
Linux file system structure:
Red Hat Linux organizes file into directories. The standard directories are as follows:
/ This is top level root directory. The remaining directories are kept below this root ( / ) directory, i.e. these are subdirectories of root directory.
Note: / is different from root. Both are pronounced as root, but former is directory while later is a user with administrative privileges.
/root This is the home directory for root user (administrator).
/home This directory is place for keeping all the user’s home directories except root user.
/dev This directory will list all available device drivers.
/mnt It contains the mount points of removable media, like /mnt/cdrecorder
/etc It contains the basic Linux configuration files related to passwords, Xwindow and
daemons etc.
/boot It store the file and commands to boot Linux on our system.
/bin It has all the basic command line utilities.
/lib It lists program libraries, which may be needed by different applications or Linux kernel.
/proc It includes the kernel related processes which are running currently.
/initrd It configures one empty directory which is used by Initial RAM disk during boot. We should not delete this directory; else we will not be able to boot the Linux system.
/sbin It contains commands for system administration.
/var It contains log file and print spools etc.
/usr It contains programs and data which is available to all the users.
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